Opponents, however, say that the directive leans too far in the direction of allowing software ideas and algorithms to be patented. In the petition, the scientists said that the European Patent Office's (EPO) practice over the past few years of granting patents for some "algorithms, software ideas, data structures and information processing methods" was an "abuse" that would be presented as the status quo by the current patent proposal. "In fact, this is a considerable extension of scope of patentability, in breach of the spirit of the European Patent Convention that excludes from patentability mathematical methods, computer programs and presentations of information," the petition said. The European Patent Convention states that a computer program or business method "as such" may not be patented. However, lawyers say that it is unclear from the EPO's recent case law what exactly can be defined as a computer program, as opposed, for example, to an invention which uses a computer as one component. Those rallying against software patents, including the petitioning scientists and the 143,000 people who have so far signed a similar petition organised by the EuroLinux Alliance, fear that an increasing number of software-related patents will increase the sway of large patent-holding companies over small software developers. "(Software patents) would be not only useless, but also extremely harmful, because they would cast in concrete the so powerful oligopolies that naturally emerge in information-based industries," the petition said. Such a system already exists in the US, where the patent office has a liberal patent-granting policy, and to a large extent leaves the court system to determine whether patents are enforceable, according to legal experts. Since smaller companies usually do not have the funds to fight against patent claims in court, they tend to pay royalties instead, experts said. Recent patent controversies in the US have centred on Web site cookies, online ads and Web site navigation. Richard Stallman in a speech last year said the logic behind the US software patents regime would have forced Beethoven to pay Mozart for the right to create a new symphony. Protests 'premature'
However, the notion that the EU is heading for a US-style system is flawed, according to some intellectual property law experts. "We are not going down the US route, I don't see that happening," said Alex Batteson, a solicitor with Bristows. "It's premature to come to any conclusion about where this is going." He said that the proposal could undergo major revisions before it appears in the form of a draft regulation, and the entire proposal could even be dropped. Previous parliamentary committee votes on the commission's proposal have been critical of any move to liberalise software patents. The Committee on Culture, Youth, Education, the Media and Sport argued that such patents could exacerbate the divide between countries in the northern and southern hemispheres, with northern countries already holding 97 percent of recognised patents. The Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy argued that "despite the Commission's claims, (the proposal) paves the way to a broader use of patents as a model for protecting computer software", and argued that, if adopted, the directive "should be strictly limited to unequivocal cases where any adverse effects would not jeopardise the usefulness of the protection". JURI, on the other hand, appears to be in favour of the proposal, according to lobbying group European Digital Rights. The European Parliament is organising a hearing for small and medium-sized companies to discuss the patents issue on 8 May. EuroLinux and Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure (FFII) are organising a conference on 7 May to coincide with the hearings. There is no set date for when the proposal could become a draft regulation.
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