Sun's throughput computing plan is designed to vastly increase the power of servers and thus to reclaim momentum Sun has lost to Intel, Glaskowsky said. Each chip based on the Afara design, code-named Niagara, will have eight processors, and each processor can handle four independent computing operations, called "threads". The technique, which won't result in chips larger than those from competitors, sacrifices the ability to perform one task extremely quickly for the ability to do multiple independent tasks simultaneously, David Yen, Sun's executive vice president for processors, said in an interview on Monday. Sun's Niagara chips will debut in lower-end servers by 2005. Then a second generation design sometime later will merge the Afara technology with Sun's main UltraSparc line and become the foundation of Sun's future chips, said Andy Ingram, vice president of marketing for the microprocessor division. Microprocessor Report analyst Kevin Krewell believes the Afara technology will be integrated with Sun's current UltraSparc line in the time frame of UltraSparc VI -- a chip two generations beyond the UltraSparc IV and due later in 2003. Ingram said the Niagara technology will provide lower-end servers with chips that have 15 times the power of the 650MHz UltraSparc III used in Sun's blade servers. The follow-on will have 30 times the power of the newest 1.2GHz UltraSparc III, he said. Yen said Sun is better positioned to accommodate a technology such as Niagara because Solaris can manage the schedules of more than 200 threads today -- the number a top-end Sun Fire 15K server accommodates with the new UltraSparc IV. IBM and Intel also are pursuing ways to boost the number of threads their processors can handle simultaneously. Stability amid change
Sun has changed dramatically in the last year, dropping its argument that its Solaris operating system and UltraSparc processors are sufficient for all computing needs and letting the Linux operating system and Intel processors into its product line. But essentially the company is sticking by one of its mainstay principles: Leave the computing work to large central servers, not to desktop machines. In McNealy's vision, rather than each person having his or her own desktop computer, many people will share centralized servers. They'll carry not laptops but tokens that will grant them access to their private computing resources. "The shared resource model blows the doors off" the dedicated model, McNealy said. As an alternative to PCs, Sun has loudly trumpeted its Sun Ray system, which does no processing on its own but instead relies on a central server. Sun is working on a future version called WAN Ray that can use wide-area network technology such as DSL lines or cable modems to connect to the server, McNealy said. Ultimately the idea will work with wireless networks as well. In other areas, McNealy predicted a day when people will carry cards or chips activated by radio waves from sensors at hotels, gas stations and any number of other places. Once radio frequency identification (RFID) chips cost from 3 cents to 5 cents, "you'll put them on everything," he said. And McNealy does mean everything. His dog has an identification chip embedded between her shoulders, and McNealy said humans eventually won't be different. "They're going to slap that baby's bottom, then slip an ID chip in their neck or between their shoulders so you can keep track of your kid," McNealy said. "That's not Big Brother; that's dad." Sun is an active member of a consortium do develop RFID tags, but some fear the technology will erode people's privacy. Sun hopes to profit by selling the computers needed to handle the crush of information streaming in from RFID tags, mobile phones and many other computing gadgets. On the front lines, server makers are cutting prices, but chief financial officer Steve McGowan argued that Sun is leading the charge, not being dragged along. He cited as evidence the increase in Sun's gross margin from 36.6 percent in the last quarter of 2001 to 43.3 percent in the last quarter of 2002. "We're bringing that pricing pressure to our competitors. They're not bringing it to us," McGowan said. Sun will be able to cut prices further, McGowan said. In fiscal 2004, which will end June 30, 2004, Sun has the opportunity to save $800m through better management of cash, component cost reductions, streamlined operations, and other operations. Some of that saved money will be passed on to Sun customers, who will see quarterly price cuts of as much as 40 percent, McGowan said. McGowan presented several scenarios -- not financial expectations, he cautioned -- based on current Sun financial performance that showed the company achieving various levels of profitability in fiscal 2004. With level revenue of about $12bn along with current expenses and gross margins, Sun would have about $300m in net income and $1bn cash from operations. With more optimistic projections -- $13bn revenue, 1 percent better gross margins, and operating expenses $200m lower -- the company would have about $500m in net income with $1.4bn cash from operations.
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