With security consistently clocking in as the number one IT concern for companies, Intel and Cisco have used the autumn 2005 Intel Developer Forum to cement their alliance as providers of enterprise-level comfort to harassed IT managers.
The two companies announced on Wednesday they would work closely together on developing and deploying their two major management schemes — Intel's Active Management Technology (AMT) and Cisco's Network Admission Control (NAC) — as ways to secure networks against internal and external threats.
"Ninety-seven percent of American enterprises use perimeter firewalls," said Hormuzd Khosravi of Intel's Communications Technology lab, "and 72 percent have intrusion-detection systems. But 55 percent have been attacked by worms or viruses and 95 percent have been penetrated from within. Best efforts aren't good enough."
Intel's AMT is a combination of hardware and software that is closely coupled with the company's gigabit Ethernet technology. Essentially, AMT is a tiny self-contained network-enabled computer with a complete HTTP server that can be operated remotely, provided only that an Ethernet connection and power are provided — the rest of the host can be fully running, quiescent or crashed. When it's running, software in the host can talk to the AMT system and respond to requests or provide services.
AMT monitors a system; maintains lists of installed hardware and software; keeps an event log; and can even be used to remotely load and run a new operating system at roughly the speed of a 7X CD-ROM drive. It cannot be disabled or tampered with by the user, short of full mechanical disconnection from the network, nor can it be attacked by malevolent software. "AMT can discover problems, remotely heal them without incurring an expensive desk visit and protect against further problems," said Khosravi.
Cisco's (NAC) framework is far more network-centric. It focuses on identifying and controlling the client access on a network, granting different levels of access according to centrally decided policies. An individual computer can be checked for the right level of patches, for example, and be gradually isolated from resources if its owner doesn't ensure that it's up to date over time. "What's significant to the enterprise is that it can react quickly to a new threat," said Dan DeLiberato of Cisco's Security Technology Group. "With this, you can easily program into the policy side that people must have a component in order to connect, pushing people into a quarantined network gradually until they fix their problems."
When used together, AMT can provide an indicator of health for NAC policy decisions. NAC's own security can be used in turn to authenticate the AMT system on a host, checking that any cryptographic requirements are present before allowing AMT action.
"AMT is a very powerful tool, so you need to be responsible about using it," said DeLiberato, "using NAC to make sure, for example, that you've got TLS [Transport Layer Security, an encrypted transmission system] on the client to guarantee its integrity. You can set and enforce policies that reinforce the effectiveness of AMT."
AMT is currently limited by its physical requirements. It must be present on the system's motherboard, as it needs signals that are not available via standard expansion buses, and it is tightly coupled to aspects of Intel's chip set architecture. AMT also doesn't have native VPN capabilities, so some aspects such as communicating with management systems independently of the host won't work for remote computers accessing the corporate LAN via the Internet. Intel accepts these limitations as part of AMT 2005, but says that there'll be announcements next year about wireless and other capabilities that will extend the reach of the standard.
"Ideally, we don't want the users to care about the physical nature of the machines being managed, just how they talk to it," said Khosravi.
